With Investigating a Wintu Roundhouse, there is no exception. Students learn about roundhouses and Wintu architecture as well as the importance of the roundhouse to the Wintu people. Roundhouses were important in the past and they are still important and used for ceremonies today.  All roundhouses were round and built into the ground.  They were constructed with earth and wood. However, students will also learn that roundhouses were different in many ways. They were built in different ways, had different names, and were used differently. Sometimes this is because things change over time. Sometimes this is  because different groups of people used roundhouses.

Roundhouses are common all over the world. They are found most often in areas that get colder in the winter. Archaeologists think roundhouses are designed to be warm because of their shape and materials.

Many groups of people in California traditionally used roundhouses. Many groups thought roundhouses were very important and used them for ceremonies. These groups lived all over northern and central California. Many counties in California may have roundhouses. People may still use them or they may have been left by people in the past. Counties that may have roundhouses include Shasta, Lassen, Trinity, Mendocino, Plumas, Sierra, Butte, Glenn, Tehama, Colusa, Yolo, Solano, Marin, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Napa, Merced, and Mariposa . Do you live in one of these counties? Do you know someone who does?

Many Californians build, preserve, and use roundhouses today. Sometimes these roundhouses are used for ceremonies by many different groups of people. The Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Wailaki Indians in Glenn County has a roundhouse that is used by many groups of people. The Redding Rancheria in Shasta County also has a roundhouse used by many for ceremonies. The Redding Rancheria roundhouse is new. The Grindstone roundhouse has been used for a long time. It has changed location and been remodeled many times.

Archaeology may be a discipline that studies the ancient and the old, but in no way does that mean it is not poignantly connected to the modern age. If studying human history has taught anyone anything, it’s that we have a great deal to learn from the past.

Click here here to buy your very own Investigating the Wintu Roundhouse!

POST BY:  By Kate Hodge, Public Education Coordinator, September 2020

When asked to reflect on my career, I decided to read the cover letter I wrote to get my current job as Colorado’s Assistant State Archaeologist. Going back to that cover letter, I am actually a little embarrassed by some of the weird phrasing and odd statements. Oh well.

In 2018 I wrote, “My ideal job includes conducting research in tandem with public outreach, and educational programming. I completed my Masters of Arts degree at Colorado State University with a project that focused on integrating archaeology into K-12 education. In addition to my master’s, I have Bachelor of Arts degrees from Pennsylvania State University in Anthropology and English. My archaeological experience geographically includes the American Southwest, western High Plains, and the Rocky Mountains. I also have international survey experience in southern Jordan. My research interests include public outreach, archaeology education, contact period studies, early mining sites, and Southwestern ceramics. Since 2008, I have been professionally involved in over 20 archaeological projects in Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, and Kansas, for multiple cultural resource management firms. My duties on these projects included archaeological survey, excavation, remote sensing, artifact analysis, archival research, curation, database entry, report writing, site form production, quality control, teaching, and supervising.”

Dr. Dean R. Snow at Penn State told us as freshmen that if we wanted a job in archaeology, we needed to go into cultural resource management (CRM). About ten years ago, archaeologists estimated that as much as 90% of archaeological studies occurred because of CRM, an industry dictated by federal, state, and local laws in an effort to protect and manage archaeological sites, historic places, and artifacts. In 2008, I got my first CRM job with the Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands (CEMML) working on Fort Carson, an US Army base in Colorado Springs, CO, after the training grounds experienced a large fire and impacted many sites.

A lot happened in ten years, but my cover letter still reflected the needs and focus of CRM – geographical regions of where I worked, how many projects I was a part of, and skills I gained. However, my passions did change and I tried to express that. “My career goals and passions revolve around public outreach and archaeology education. I am active on several committees and task force groups focused on furthering the dissemination of archaeological research…”

A few years ago, I heard the term, “anthropological archaeology”. Since I trained in the United States and in the 21st century, I learned that archaeology (study of the past) was a subfield of anthropology (the study of people) and thus, struggled with this term. I found identifying as  an “anthropological

From April 2021

Months ago, Project Archaeology’s Public Education Coordinator Kate Hodge asked me to prepare a blog post for the Modern Issues in Archaeology series. At the time, I wasn’t sure what I would write about, but I was confident I could come up with something.  Closer to the due date, I started musing on my blog’s focus. Kate had already covered many important issues: Museum Changes, Repatriation, Terrorism, Looting, and Illicit Trade of Cultural Property. What in the world would I blog about that held relevance for Project Archaeology readers?  I worried. I wondered. I tossed and turned. The deadline of April 23rd drew closer and closer.

A Last-minute Inspiration
Almost exactly a week before the blog was due, inspiration struck! What about the Society for American Archaeology forum I was going to participate in? Maybe a blog about that would interest readers…I explained to Kate that I was one of seven public archaeology/heritage education archaeologists who had been asked to participate in a 2-hour, virtual, live forum – Triumphs, Challenges, And Possibilities In Heritage Education – sponsored by The Heritage Education Network (THEN) at the Society for American Archaeology’s Annual Meeting on Thursday, April 15.  Would she be willing to wait until after that event, so I could determine if what I learned during my experience would hold any inspiration for Project Archaeology readers? If not, I’d have to punt. Or worse yet, Kate would have to step in and post a blog on short notice.  Kate said yes! The forum was fun and interesting and stimulating. And so, too, Dear Reader, I hope is the following blog.

What This Blog Is About
I will begin by telling you about the forum and its purpose, about the participants, and about how the live event played out. Then I’ll summarize the responses to two of the questions. And, in a bit of shameless advertising, this blog is illustrated with images linked to the  educational programs that the Kentucky Archaeological Survey has developed over the years. You can learn more about them through our new website    https://www.kentuckyarchaeologicalsurvey.org/.

Forum Purpose and Members
The forum considered the successes, challenges, and strategies of heritage education. Forum organizers acknowledged that despite "major accomplishments in heritage education, including the successful implementation of new and established public outreach programs and additions to the scholarly and popular literature on programming and its assessment," many challenges remain. "Heritage educators are still not reaching all the audiences they need to

Archaeology.  The word alone is fascinating and immediately brings images of far-off lands, fabulous artifacts, and ancient lifeways to our minds.  Fascinating, but you must be an archaeologist to study the ways of the ancients, right?  Wrong.    Archaeology is a perfect addition to upper elementary classrooms and provides a ready-made vehicle to implement the new Common Core State Standards (CCSS).

By its very nature, archaeology is interdisciplinary; it studies cultures, and past human lifeways, but it uses sciences such as geology, botany, zoology, and chemistry to analyze and interpret historical data.  At Project Archaeology, we have aligned our existing curricular materials to Common Core Standards and are developing all new materials based on the CCSS and Next Generation Science Standards.   Project Archaeology instruction helps build college and career-ready students in the following ways (NGA 2010):

• Students learn to comprehend and evaluate complex texts across a range of types and disciplines (oral histories, scientific explanations, and biographical texts). They are expected to construct effective arguments and convey intricate and multifaceted information to others.  They are required to build on the ideas of others and articulate their own ideas in a range of formats including speaking, writing, and graphic design.
• Students establish an in-depth base of knowledge about the processes of archaeology and content that is built through archaeological inquiry. They become proficient in archaeological inquiry and can conduct their own simple investigations with Project Archaeology materials. They refine and share their content knowledge through writing and speaking.
• Students cite specific evidence when offering an oral or written interpretation of a text, a bar graph, or a primary source such as historic photographs, artifacts, and archaeological site maps. They are expected to use relevant evidence when supporting their own points in writing and speaking, making their reasoning clear to the reader or listener, and they constructively evaluate others’ use of evidence.
• Students actively seek to understand other perspectives and cultures through reading, listening, and examining the archaeological record of their own or another culture. They examine similarities and differences between themselves and members of other cultures.
• Students adapt their communication to their audience, task, and purpose (for example, writing explanatory or informational texts; creating persuasive speeches; engaging in civic dialogue; developing media for specific purposes such as brochures or web pages; and creating graphics such as bar graphs, pie charts, and drawings to express information).

Project Archaeology is now celebrating 25 years of providing high-quality archaeology education materials and professional development to educators nationwide.  What are some of our Project Archaeology teachers saying about archaeology and the Common Core?  Evaluations from teachers at our professional development workshops indicate that Project Archaeology: Investigating Shelter, our main curriculum unit, aligns well to Common Core State Standards. Here is a sample of their evaluations:

• • “Project Archaeology is the Common Core” – Stella Estrada, California Council for

According to reports from the National Science Foundation, the recent archaeological discovery of the graves of two infants in Alaska has prompted researchers to conclude that this could lead to a new understanding of ancient people’s perception of death and burial. The 11,000 year old graves of two infants, possibly twin brothers, were disturbed during an excavation in Alaska, and the teeth and a few other remnants of the infants represent the youngest people ever discovered in the ancient Arctic. At least one of the infants had been cremated, and both were laid to rest with stone tools as their burial belongings. The chiseled stone points that accompanied the remains of the infants were strikingly reminiscent of another collection of ancient tools found at a similar gravesite in south-central Montana. The 1968 disturbance of the 10,600 year-old remains of a toddler boy, who was buried with over 118 stone and bone Clovis tools, indicated that ancient Americans believed strongly in ceremonial interment, and this more recent unearthing further demonstrates that point.

As a member of the Apsaalooke Tribe, and as a professional educator and historian, these ancient and richly endowed graves that were dedicated to very young children are not surprising or puzzling to me. In most traditional tribal cultures, the extended family, and in particular children and elders, are cherished. Despite the fact that all tribal communities in the Americas suffered catastrophic loss during the age of colonization, the remnants of that cultural heritage is still alive today, and is manifested throughout Indian Country in many ways; most of which are on display at every community event, including ceremonies, family reunions, and traditional dances, aka pow-wows. Elders are always given special care at tribal gatherings, and children are never excluded from participation. Celebrating the beauty of tribal culture and the strength of tribal families is still common in the 21st century, surviving in the face of the many social problems that continue to plague Indian communities. I believe that the roots of these earliest values are reflected in these ancient burials.

Theoretical speculation abounds about what the Indians were thinking when they placed important objects in the ground with deceased babies and covered them permanently. A growing strand of conventional wisdom says that the valuable tools included within the graves demonstrated that ancient Americans believed in an afterlife, in which these young lives would continue to grow and survive. Ostensibly, the afterlife required stone weapons, and the boys’ families wanted them to have those tools at his disposal, thus they respected the circles of life and death by behaving with good faith and true intention. This conjecture about the meaning behind the

One way to help students understand this discovery and the importance of archaeology is to have students read news articles on archaeology finds and reflect on the implications for their family and community as well as the significance of the scientific, cultural discovery for the future. Project Archaeology wants to take this opportunity to provide teachers and students with a twist on the typical Current Event Report, by issuing an Archaeology Discovery Report worksheet students can use in conjunction with a news story. It will enable students to discover the significance of artifacts, sites and remains as they summarize the key points of the story, cite their source, and reflect on how discoveries of the past shape the future.